Kalinigrad, Russian Federation
UDC 340.132.85
Introduction. Transport security is a key component of national security in the modern state. Thus, the widespread use of the term “transport security” in contemporary legislation is to be expected. Under national law, the concept of transport security has undergone a significant transformation from a narrowly defined category – limited to the protection of goods in transit and the proper technical condition of vehicles – to a comprehensive, cross-sectoral legal framework integrating anti-terrorism protection of infrastructure facilities, environmental imperatives, information security, and international legal standards regulating the organisation of transport operations. Methods. The effectiveness of applying a set of complementary scientific methods – historical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal, systemic, hermeneutic, problemanalytical and structural-functional – as demonstrated in the research, is of fundamental importance. Such a methodological synthesis ensured the multidimensional nature of the study, enabling transport security to be examined simultaneously as a historically evolving phenomenon, as a functioning system of legal norms, and as an area for future regulatory improvement. In particular, the systems-based approach made it possible to describe transport security as a holistic entity comprising interrelated elements: transport infrastructure facilities, vehicles, legal entities, threats and countermeasures. The problem-analytical approach, in turn, contributed to identify relevant legal gaps and conflicts requiring legislative resolution. Results. The research resulted in identifying the stages in the development of the concept of “transport security” associated with the evolution of the national legal system during the periods of early statehood (9th–14th centuries), the Middle Ages (14th–17th centuries), the era of Imperial Russia (18th–early 20th centuries) and the modern state (from the 1920s to the present day). Periodisation makes it possible not only to organise the process of institutionalising social relations in the field of transport security chronologically, but also to reveal the internal logic of this process. Each of the identified stages in the development of the concept of ‘transport security’ is characterised by a specific combination of economic, political and technological factors that predetermined the content of the regulatory acts adopted and the degree of imperative nature of the stipulated provisions.
national security, transport security, transport security measures, transport, vehicles, stages of development, international regulation
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