THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORMAL LOGIC AND DIALECTICS
Journal: BULLETIN OF THE KALININGRAD BRANCH OF THE SAINT-PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA
№ 2
, 2024
Rubrics: DISCUSSION PLATFORM
Authors:
1.
Volgograd Academy of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
(chair of criminal procedure, professor)
employee
Russian Federation
employee
Russian Federation
Type:
Article
Pages:
from
to
Status:
Published
Received:
02.05.2024
Accepted:
16.05.2024
Published:
08.07.2024
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
formal logic, dialectics, dialectical contradiction, prohibition of contradiction, tautology, law of identity, objective truth
Abstract (English):
Introduction. At its core, this article aims to show the actual existence of dialectics as a universal objective law, the action of which permeates both human being and thinking. The core of dialectics is the law of unity and struggle of opposites. The article criticizes the position of the famous logician A.A.Ivin, who idealizes formal logic with its prohibition of contradiction and on this basis denies materialistic dialectics, dialectical contradiction, which is the source of movement, development, vitality. There should be no contradiction in the concepts – this is the formal logical approach. From this, in particular, the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno proceeded, who tried in his four aporias to refute movement, that is, contradiction, reducing movement to the sum of states of rest. In fact, our modern philosopher A.A.Ivin stands in the same position, while considering dialectics at best as a fragment or section of formal logic. In opposition to this, the position of the dialectician Hegel is cited, who saw the manifestation of dialectical contradiction, movement and in formal logic (in the laws of identity, contradiction, excluded third). In the article, the formal-logical prohibition of contradiction and dialectical contradiction are considered as two contradictory parts of a single whole (the identity of opposites). Methods. The research used general scientific methods – dialectics, systematization and generalization of scientific information, historical method and others. Results. It is shown that formal logic denies objective truth and, conversely, dialectics is inextricably linked with objective truth, to achieve which, for example, in criminal proceedings it is necessary to take into account the rules of dialectical logic about the comprehensiveness of the study of the subject in its concreteness, practice is the criterion of truth, objective truth is a process of gradual comprehension, etc. It is emphasized that it is impossible to reach the true goal, not in the true way, for example, in criminal proceedings, using an accusatory bias, bias, although the "competition for competition" approach, characteristic of the adversarial Code of Criminal Procedure, disposes of this – victory for the strongest. It is noted that the dialectical thinking of a human is higher than the programmed "digital thinking of a robot".
Introduction. At its core, this article aims to show the actual existence of dialectics as a universal objective law, the action of which permeates both human being and thinking. The core of dialectics is the law of unity and struggle of opposites. The article criticizes the position of the famous logician A.A.Ivin, who idealizes formal logic with its prohibition of contradiction and on this basis denies materialistic dialectics, dialectical contradiction, which is the source of movement, development, vitality. There should be no contradiction in the concepts – this is the formal logical approach. From this, in particular, the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno proceeded, who tried in his four aporias to refute movement, that is, contradiction, reducing movement to the sum of states of rest. In fact, our modern philosopher A.A.Ivin stands in the same position, while considering dialectics at best as a fragment or section of formal logic. In opposition to this, the position of the dialectician Hegel is cited, who saw the manifestation of dialectical contradiction, movement and in formal logic (in the laws of identity, contradiction, excluded third). In the article, the formal-logical prohibition of contradiction and dialectical contradiction are considered as two contradictory parts of a single whole (the identity of opposites). Methods. The research used general scientific methods – dialectics, systematization and generalization of scientific information, historical method and others. Results. It is shown that formal logic denies objective truth and, conversely, dialectics is inextricably linked with objective truth, to achieve which, for example, in criminal proceedings it is necessary to take into account the rules of dialectical logic about the comprehensiveness of the study of the subject in its concreteness, practice is the criterion of truth, objective truth is a process of gradual comprehension, etc. It is emphasized that it is impossible to reach the true goal, not in the true way, for example, in criminal proceedings, using an accusatory bias, bias, although the "competition for competition" approach, characteristic of the adversarial Code of Criminal Procedure, disposes of this – victory for the strongest. It is noted that the dialectical thinking of a human is higher than the programmed "digital thinking of a robot".
Keywords:
formal logic, dialectics, dialectical contradiction, prohibition of contradiction, tautology, law of identity, objective truth
formal logic, dialectics, dialectical contradiction, prohibition of contradiction, tautology, law of identity, objective truth
