from 01.01.1999 to 01.01.2023
Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
UDK 343.97 Преступление как общественное явление. Сравнительная преступность. Причины и последствия преступлений. Социальные факторы преступления. Социальное окружение
UDK 316.624 Девиантное поведение. Социальная патология
Introduction. Crime, as a single personal behavioral act, and criminality, as a socio-legal phenomenon, are social deviations of individuals and groups. The state is forced to use a compulsory law enforcement apparatus to deter crime and level out its negative socio-economic consequences. In the system of the state compulsory apparatus for combating crime, the tacit assistance of persons to bodies carrying out operational investigative activities is a special, most effective and rational functional and legal instrument. Based on previous research, the author notes the unwillingness of both lawabiding citizens and representatives of the criminal environment to assist operational units. However, the determinants underlying this unwillingness are different. The author puts forward for further scientific research and discussion the hypothesis that the tacit assistance of persons to bodies carrying out operational investigative activities is the result of social deviations in the social groups under consideration. In the author’s opinion, the study of the causes and forms of these deviations from certain social norms characteristic of both (law-abiding and criminal) groups can optimize the process of involving individuals in the unofficial assistance and the fight against crime. Methods and methodology. The study used general scientific dialectical, comparative legal, formal logical methods and the method of content analysis. This made it possible to identify signs and forms of manifestation of deviations among persons assisting law enforcement agencies. Results. Based on the results of the own research and previous scientific research by other legal experts, the author comes to the conclusion that at present, the assistance of law-abiding and upstanding citizens and representatives of the criminal environment is largely determined by the deviations perceived among social groups in question. Among law-abiding citizens, deviation is expressed in a persistent unwillingness to assist law enforcement agencies in general and operational units in particular, in the presence of compassion for the direct victims of these crimes. Deviations of representatives of the criminal environment are expressed in a situational readiness to neglect corporate (subcultural) moral standards of behavior – “criminal concepts” - and provide unofficial assistance in order to achieve their own mercenary goals.
deviations, criminality, crimes prevention and crime solution, operative-investigation activity, confidential assistance, unofficial assistance, bodies carrying out investigative activities, confidant
1. Bobrov, V. G. (2011). K voprosu ob anonimnom sodejstvii grazhdan organam, osushchestvlyayushchim operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel’nost’. Operativnik (syshchik), 2 (27), 28-32.
2. Vladimirov, S. I. (2017a). Istoricheskie korni neglasnogo sodejstviya grazhdan. V Pravoohranitel’naya deyatel’nost’ territorial’nyh organov MVD Rossii: problemy i puti ih resheniya: sbornik nauchnyh statej (g. Moskva, str. 64-69). Moskow: Akademiya upravleniya MVD Rossii.
3. Vladimirov, S. I. (2017b). K voprosu ob obespechenii gosudarstvom garantij po zashchite lic, sodejstvuyushchih organam, osushchestvlyayushchim operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel’nost’. Evrazijskij yuridicheskij zhurnal, 4 (107), 254-256.
4. Vladimirov, S. I. (2017c). K voprosu o definicii «sodejstvie grazhdan operativnym podrazdeleniyam organov vnutrennih del». Aktual’nye problemy rossijskogo prava, 6 (79), 195-201. https://doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2017.79.6.195-201
5. Gilinskij, Ya. I. (2007). Deviantologiya: sociologiya prestupnosti, narkotizma, prostitucii, samoubijstv i drugih «otklonenij», 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. Saint Petersburg: Izd-vo R. Aslanova, Yuridicheskij centr Press.
6. Gilinskij, Ya. I. (2009). Kriminologiya: teoriya, istoriya, empiricheskaya baza, social’nyj kontrol’: monografiya. Saint Petersburg: Yuridicheskij centr Press.
7. Dril’, D. A. (2006). Prestupnost’ i prestupniki; Uchenie o prestupnosti i merah bor’by s neyu (seriya: Biblioteka kriminologa: BK). Moskow: INFRA-M.
8. Zheleznyak, N. S. (2012). K voprosu o neobhodimosti razvitiya otdel’nyh vidov sodejstviya sysknoj deyatel’nosti. Operativnik (syshchik), 4 (33), 46-51.
9. Zaharcev, S. I., Ignashchenkov, Yu. Yu., Sal’nikov, V. P. (2006). Operativno-rozysknye meropriyatiya v XXI veke: monografiya. Saint Petersburg: fond «Universitet».
10. Kal’nickij, V. V. (2016). Voprosy teorii i praktiki ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva: izbrannye trudy: sbornik statej. Omsk: Omskaya akademiya MVD Rossii.
11. Klejmyonov, M. P., Klejmyonov, I. M. (2015). Neraskrytaya prestupnost’: monografiya. Moskow: Norma : Infra-M.
12. Kripulevich, A. Yu. (2016). Rol’ neglasnogo apparata v voprosah profilaktiki penitenciarnoj prestupnosti. Vestnik Samarskogo yuridicheskogo instituta, 3 (21), 137-139.
13. Kripulevich, A. Yu. (2019a). Klassifikaciya lic, privlekaemyh k neglasnomu sodejstviyu v mestah lisheniya svobody, po stepeni nadezhnosti v zavisimosti ot motivacionnyh kriteriev. Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, 3 (40), 135-139.
14. Kripulevich, A. Yu. (2019b). Motivy lic, predstavlyayushchih operativnyj interes dlya privlecheniya k neglasnomu sodejstviyu v mestah lisheniya svobody, po koncepcii «Piramida potrebnostej Abrahama Maslou». Vestnik Samarskogo yuridicheskogo instituta, 5 (36), 43-47.
15. Kuzichev, S. V. (2006). Nravstvennost’ i moral’ kak osnova zarozhdeniya organizovannoj kul’tury v Rossii. Kul’tura: upravlenie, ekonomika, pravo, 1, str. 25-26.
16. Larichev, V. D. (2003). Prestupnost’ v sfere ekonomiki (teoreticheskie voprosy ekonomicheskoj prestupnosti): monografiya. Moskow: VNII MVD Rossii.
17. Maslov, A. A. (2011). K voprosu o ponyatii sodejstviya grazhdan i inyh lic organam, osushchestvlyayushchim operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel’nost’. Chernye dyry v Rossijskom zakonodatel’stve, 3, 143-145.
18. Maslov, A. A. (2014). K voprosu o sodejstvii grazhdan organam, osushchestvlyayushchim operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel’nost’, i sotrudnichestve s nimi na konfidencial’noj osnove. Nauchnyj portal MVD Rossii, 2 (26), 43-47.
19. Maslov, A. A. (2023). Voprosy social’noj i pravovoj zashchity lic, sodejstvuyushchih organam, osushchestvlyayushchim operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel’nost’. Vestnik Vladimirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta, 1 (66), 81-84.
20. Pavlichenko, N. V. (2010). Uchastie lic, okazyvayushchih sodejstvie organam, osushchestvlyayushchim operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel’nost’ v ugolovnom processe (v resheniyah Evropejskogo suda po pravam cheloveka). Sovremennoe pravo, 6, 96-100.
21. Pavlichenko, N. V. (2015). Problemy vzaimodejstviya operativno-razysknyh organov i naseleniya. Vestnik Volgogradskoj akademii MVD Rossii, 3 (34), 99-104.
22. Pavlichenko, N. V. (2016). Vzaimodejstvie operativno-razysknyh organov i naseleniya: pravovye i teoreticheskie problemy. Vestnik Volgogradskoj akademii MVD Rossii, 4 (39), 92-96.
23. Pleshakov, V. A. (1998). Kriminologicheskaya bezopasnost’ i ee obespechenie v sfere vzaimovliyaniya organizovannoj prestupnosti i prestupnosti nesovershennoletnih: dis. … d. yurid. nauk. Moskow.
24. Popov, V. L., Kulikov, V. A. (1998). Specificheskie cherty nravstvennoj sushchnosti operativno-rozysknoj deyatel’nosti. V Zakonnost’, operativno-rozysknaya deyatel’nost’ i ugolovnyj process: sbornik trudov mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Tom. Chast’ 1 (g. Sankt-Peterburg, 06-08 noyabrya 1998 g., str. 67). Saint Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburgskaya akademiya MVD Rossii.
25. Potyomkin, I. A., Tambovcev, A. I., Pavlichenko, N. V. (2021). Neglasnoe sodejstvie policii poddannymi Rossijskoj imperii. Voprosy istorii, 9-1, 246-259.
26. Skorilkin, N. M. (2005). Nravstvennye aspekty sodejstviya grazhdan organam, osushchestvlyayushchim operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel’nost’. V Aktual’nye problemy teorii i praktiki operativno-rozysknoj deyatel’nosti organov vnutrennih del v sovremennyh usloviyah: mezhvuz. sb. nauch. tr. (str. 204). Moskow: Moskovskij universitet MVD Rossii.
27. Skripilev, A. E. (1984). Otdel’nyj korpus zhandarmov v sisteme Ministerstva vnutrennih del dorevolyucionnoj Rossii (1880- 1917 gg.): dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Moskow.
28. Tambovcev, A. I., Pavlichenko, N. V. (2021). Ob»ektivnye ocenki nravstvennosti sodejstviya operativno-rozysknym organam. Trudy Akademii upravleniya MVD Rossii, 3 (59), 139-147.
29. Tambovcev, A. I., Pavlichenko, N. V. (2022). Sodejstvie grazhdan pravoohranitel’nym organam kak social’no-pravovoj fenomen: monografiya. Moskow: Prospekt.
30. Uspanov, Zh. T. (2012). Iskusstvo privlecheniya grazhdan k konfidencial’nomu sotrudnichestvu. Izvestiya VUZov, 4, str. 188-192.
31. Fedorov, A. V., Shahmatov, A. V. (1999). Pravovoe regulirovanie voprosov sodejstviya grazhdan operativnym podrazdeleniyam organov vnutrennih del. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii, 1 (1), 68-76.
32. Fedorov, A. V., Shahmatov, A. V. (2005). Pravovoe regulirovanie sodejstviya grazhdan organam, osushchestvlyayushchim operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel’nost’. Saint Petersburg: Yuridicheskij centr Press.
33. Fedorov, A. V. (2017). Rossijskaya operativno-razysknaya politika: obshcheteoreticheskie polozheniya. Vestnik Akademii Sledstvennogo komiteta Rossijskoj Federacii, 2 (12), 24-33.
34. Cherkasov, R. V. (2005). Mnenie naseleniya Omskoj oblasti o milicii i problemah ee deyatel’nosti. V V. N. Omelin i dr. (red.), Nekotorye voprosy sovershenstvovaniya deyatel’nosti organov vnutrennih del v sovremennyh usloviyah: sb. tr. ad»yunktov i soiskatelej (str. 142-147). Moskow: Vserossijskij nauchno-issledovatel’skij institut MVD Rossii.
35. Shandybin, V. D. (1997). Iz opyta raboty UVD Omskoj oblasti po ukrepleniyu pravoporyadka. V A. G. Gorlov (gl. red.), Omskij meridian (str. 4-5). Moskow: Ob»edinennaya redakciya MVD Rossii.
36. Shahmatov, A. V. (2005). Agenturnaya rabota v operativno-rozysknoj deyatel’nosti (teoretiko-pravovoe issledovanie rossijskogo opyta): dis. … d. yurid. nauk. Saint Petersburg.
37. Shahmatov, A. V., Gordin, A. V. (2008). Nekotorye aspekty konfidencial’nogo sodejstviya lic organam obespecheniya bezopasnosti. Operativnik (syshchik), 3 (16), 17-18.
38. Shahmatov, A. V. (2017). K voprosu razvitiya instituta social’no-pravovoj zashchity grazhdan, sodejstvuyushchih organam, osushchestvlyayushchim operativno-rozysknuyu deyatel’nost’. V V. I. Tyunin (red.), Ugolovnoe pravo, ugolovnyj zakon: teoriya i praktika: sbornik nauchnyh statej (g. Sankt-Peterburg, str. 343-347). Saint Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj ekonomicheskij universitet.
39. Shikov, A. A., Kapustin, K. V. (2017). Ispol’zovanie komprometiruyushchih materialov v operativno-rozysknoj deyatel’nosti. Penitenciarnoe pravo: yuridicheskaya teoriya i pravoprimenitel’naya praktika, 2 (12), 115-119.
40. Shumilov, A. Yu. (2002). Kommentarij k Federal’nomu zakonu «Ob operativno-rozysknoj deyatel’nosti». S postatejnym prilozheniem normativnyh aktov i dokumentov, 4-e izd., ispr. i dop. Moskow: Izd-l’ Shumilova I. I.
41. Shumilov, A. Yu. (2005). Konfidenty i agenty: kto oni? Operativnik (syshchik), 3 (4), 18-19.
