from 01.01.2021 until now
Sochi, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
UDC 343.01
Introduction. The effectiveness of state coercive measures applied to individuals who have committed crimes depends on the existence of a well-defined ideology of crime control, which is consistently reflected in both criminal law and penal legislation. The principle of general deterrence, as distinguished from specific deterrence, is conventionally linked in legal doctrine primarily with the provisions of criminal law. At the same time, penal enforcement measures are generally regarded as instruments focused only on convicted offenders. Nevertheless, this distinction seems somewhat artificial, as it fails to take into account the historical tradition of treating penal and correctional regulation as a unified system, as well as the contemporary realities of formation of public opinion and legal consciousness. The present article seeks to re-examine the prevailing understanding of the general preventive impact of implementing provisions of correctional legislation. Methods. To achieve the research objectives, various scientific methods were applied, including dialectical materialism as a universal method of cognition, general scientific (such as system-structural analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), the historical method combined with the hermeneutic method, as well as specialized research methods, including comparative legal analysis, legal modelling, extrapolation, and socia-logical methods in the form of surveys and questionnaires. Results. The prevailing Russian legal doctrine, which assigns a secondary role to penal enforcement law in achieving general prevention is contradicted by the author’s argument that the possibility of achieving a general preventive impact is grounded in society’s historically established negative attitude and perception towards punishment and the process of serving a sentence. The findings of the questionnaire survey indicate that the public has a firmly established perception of the hardships and deprivations associated with the enforcement of criminal punishment. The survey of personnel within the penal system has revealed that the majority of respondents are sceptical about the preventative potential of measures being implemented. This perspective is primarily attributable to the rigid dichotomy between criminal law and penal law, which has been traditionally upheld in Soviet and post-Soviet academic discourse. The author concludes that the artificial distinction of these two branches has led to an underestimation of the role played by the enforcement of punishment in shaping public legal consciousness. A return to the principle of a unified system of law and law enforcement, in which the punishment and its law enforcement are inextricably linked and inseparable, has the potential to improve and enhance the effectiveness of general crime prevention without expanding the law enforcement apparatus.
liability, criminal law, penal law, state coercion, criminal law impact, general deterrence, prevention
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