Russian Federation
employee
Sankt-Peterburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
UDC 343.4
Introduction. The article is devoted to the research into problems of criminal-legal norms construction on crimes against health. The authors justify rethinking of current legislation norms in the context of the scientific paradigm shift: from a narrowly biomedical to an integral (biopsychosocial) understanding of health and injury. It is pointed out that the current model creates an inconsistency between the legal and medical (expert) approach, leaves out of criminal law sight mental and social harm, as well as cumulative forms of violence. The aim of the research is to form doctrinally considered grounds for criminal-legal harm assessments, conformed to the new scientific paradigm and oriented to the qualitative health protection strengthening as one of the priority rights. Methods. The dogmatic method was used in the analysis of the 16 chapter norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the CC of the RF), as well as bylaws; systemic-structural and formal-logical approaches when distinguishing legal and medical assessment criteria of harm to human health; comparative legal method when researching the particularities of legal regulation of responsibility for causing harm to health in a number of foreign countries. Results. The methodological vulnerability of “post fact-model” of criminal-legal health protection and inadequacy of criteria to objectives of fair accountability differentiation was justified. Legally relevant parameters of harm assessment are formulated, subject to further normative specification, with medical criteria being considered as a means of verification without replacing the legal criterion. Based on the analysis of the provisions of criminal law, by-laws, criminal cases documents and positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation directions of modern studies with a purpose to systematic reform of chapter 16 of the Criminal Code are formulated.
health, harm, paradigm, criteria, responsibility
1. Rastoropov S. V. Ponyatie prestupleniy protiv zdorov'ya cheloveka v doktrine ugolovnogo prava Rossii // Chelovek: prestuplenie i nakazanie. 2013. № 3 (82). S. 62–65.
2. Galyukova M. I. Tehniko-yuridicheskie aspekty konstruirovaniya sostavov prestupleniy protiv zdorov'ya // Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. 2014. T. 14, № 1. S. 33–36.
3. Kirichenko D. P. Sankcii za prestupleniya protiv zdorov'ya v UK RF: nekotorye teoreticheskie i pravoprimenitel'nye aspekty // Gumanitarnye, social'no-ekonomicheskie i obschestvennye nauki. 2022. № 7. S. 135–137. https://doi. org/10.23672/q9481-2133-1651-d
4. Veklenko V., Galyukova M. Ugolovno-pravovoy analiz ponyatiya «vred zdorov'yu» // Ugolovnoe pravo. 2007. № 1. S. 7–11.
5. Klevno V. A., Tkachenko A. A., Chibisova I. A., Kononov R. V. Teoriya i praktika ocenki stepeni tyazhesti vreda zdorov'yu v vide psihicheskogo rasstroystva // Sudebnaya medicina. 2015. T. 1, № 3. S. 11–16.
6. Bezruchko E. V. Psihicheskoe rasstroystvo zdorov'ya cheloveka kak osnovnoy priznak tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu // Yurist'-Pravoved'. 2013. № 3 (58). S. 74–77.
7. Polubinskaya S. V. Psihicheskoe rasstroystvo kak priznak vreda zdorov'yu: pravovaya poziciya Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federacii / Primenenie ugolovnogo i ugolovno-processual'nogo zakonodatel'stva v praktike Sledstvennogo komiteta Rossiyskoy Federacii: aktual'nye problemy i rekomendacii po ih resheniyu : materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, g. Ekaterinburg, 21–22 maya 2024 g. Ekaterinburg : Ural'skiy yuridicheskiy institut SK Rossii, 2024. S. 183–188.
8. Zagorodnikov N. I. Prestupleniya protiv zdorov'ya. Moskva : Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1969. 166 s.
9. Bezruchko E. V. Puti optimizacii ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva ob otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya, posyagayuschie na bezopasnost' zdorov'ya cheloveka // Yurist-Pravoved'. 2016. № 1 (74). S. 40–43.
10. Chitlov D. S. Ohrana zdorov'ya grazhdan ot tyazhkih nasil'stvennyh posyagatel'stv : Ugolovno-pravovoe i kriminologicheskoe issledovanie/ pod red. I. S. Noya. Saratov : Izdatel'stvo Saratovskogo universiteta, 1974. 183 s.
11. Shargorodskiy M. D. Prestupleniya protiv zhizni i zdorov'ya. Moskva : Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1948. 512 s.
12. Noy I. S. Kriterii umyshlennogo tyazhkogo telesnogo povrezhdeniya bez otyagchayuschih obstoyatel'stv po UK RSFSR // Uchenye zapiski. 1959. Vyp. VIII. S. 53–84.
13. Daurova T. G. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za legkie telesnye povrezhdeniya / god red. I. S. Noya. Saratov : Izdatel'stvo Saratovskogo universiteta, 1980. 121 s.
14. Kudryavcev V. N. Ob'ektivnaya storona prestupleniya. Moskva : Gosyurizdat, 1960. 244 s.
15. Savel'eva O. Yu. Otvetstvennost' za umyshlennoe prichinenie tyazhkogo vreda zdorov'yu pri otyagchayuschih obstoyatel'stvah // Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Yuridicheskie nauki. 2016. № 3 (26). S. 92–94.
16. Batomunkueva V. D. Zdorov'e kak obschestvennoe blago // Modeli, sistemy, seti v ekonomike, tehnike, prirode i obschestve. 2012. № 3 (4). S. 170–171.
