UDC 343.98
Introduction. It is obvious that thorough and prompt investigation of crimes against the family and minors is one of the most important state tasks, since the family is a cornerstone of Russian society, and minor citizens are its present and, most mportantly, its future. The main objective of investigating crimes in general, and those discussed in this article in particular, is not only to identify the guilty parties but also to prevent such crimes. For this reason, the development of appropriate investigation methodologies should be considered a priority forensic task. However, the methodology for such development initially requires defining the object in accordance with which this methodology will be formed, as its system and structure depend on the correct definition of the object. For this reason, this issue is particularly relevant for criminalistic research. Methods. The methods are determined by the range of scientific tasks aimed at identifying and resolving problems related to the detection of current crimes committed against the family and minors. This helps to define the system and structure of their investigation methodologies. The study employed the following methods: comparative legal, descriptive, analysis and synthesis, classification, and others. We studied scientific research materials presented in dissertations, monographs, journal articles, and other sources. Results. The article provides a critical analysis of the views of legal scholars on the concepts of ‘object’ and ‘family’, which made it possible to identify objective problems related to understanding these concepts, including objects of forensic research and cognition. This enabled the author to appropriately argue their position regarding these concepts. The study formulates conclusions aimed at resolving the identified problem, which are relevant for both forensic science and the practical work of law enforcement agencies. The paper provides a justification for the definition of the object in the typical methodology for the investigation of crimes against the family and minors.
forensic science, forensic methodology, family, research object, minors
1. Zaschita sem'i: vklad sem'i v realizaciyu prava na dostatochnyy zhiznennyy uroven' dlya ee chlenov, v chastnosti, posredstvom ee roli v iskorenenii nischety i dostizhenii ustoychivogo razvitiya : Ezhegodnyy doklad Verhovnogo komissara Organizacii Ob'edinennyh Naciy po pravam cheloveka i doklady Upravleniya Verhovnogo komissara Organizacii Ob'edinennyh Naciy po pravam cheloveka i General'nogo sekretarya 27 iyunya 2016 g. // Sovet po pravam cheloveka Organizacii Ob'edinennyh Naciy : [oficial'nyy sayt]. URL: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/ProtectionFamily/A-HRC 31-37_en.doc (data obrascheniya: 20.06.2025).
2. Boshko V. I. Ocherki sovetskogo semeynogo prava / pererab. i dop. V. A. Ryasencevym. Kiev : Gospolitizdat USSR, 1952. 372 s.
3. Harchev A. G. Brak i sem'ya v SSSR. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Moskva : Mysl', 1979. 367 c.
4. Sharmandzhiev D. A. Opredeleniya ponyatiya «Sem'ya» v social'no-filosofskih issledovaniyah // Manuskript. 2016. № 12-3 (74). S. 209–211.
5. Manankova R. P. Poyasnitel'naya zapiska k koncepcii proekta novogo Semeynogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federacii. Vvedenie // Semeynoe i zhilischnoe pravo. 2012. № 4. S. 26–42.
6. Anikina A. A., Kviciniya N. V. Opredelenie ponyatiya «sem'ya»: problemy normativnogo tolkovaniya // Nauka cherez prizmu vremeni. 2020. № 5 (38). S. 122–125.
7. Il'yashenko A. N. Bor'ba s nasil'stvennoy prestupnost'yu v sem'e : monografiya / pod nauch. red. P. G. Ponomareva. Moskva : VNII MVD Rossii, 2003. 186 s.
8. Koneva E. M., Konev F. F., Shishenina I. V. Opredelenie ponyatiya «sem'ya» v mezhdunarodnom i nacional'nom prave // Sovremennye nauchnye issledovaniya i innovacii : [elektronnyy zhurnal]. 2021. № 4. URL: https://web.snauka.ru/issues/2021/04/95262 (data obrascheniya: 20.06.2025).
9. Rimashevskaya N. M. Chelovek i reformy : Sekrety vyzhivaniya : [monografiya]. Moskva : Institut social'no-ekonomicheskih problem narodonaseleniya RAN, 2003. 392 s.
10. Kravcov D. A., Ul'yanova K. A. Kriminologicheskaya harakteristika semeynogo nasiliya: viktimologicheskie aspekty, problemy i mery protivodeystviya v Rossiyskoy Federacii // Molodoy uchenyy. 2023. № 22 (469). S. 280–282.
11. Kuemzhieva S. A. Metodika rassledovaniya prestupleniy protiv sem'i i nesovershennoletnih : monografiya / pod nauch. red.V. D. Zelenskogo. Moskva : Yurlitinform, 2018. 257 s.
12. Marshakova N. N. Prestupleniya protiv sem'i i nesovershennoletnih v sisteme Osobennoy chasti UK RF // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2007. № 3. S. 171–174.
13. Kruchinina N. V., Pyatibratova N. D. Rassledovanie prestupleniy protiv sem'i : monografiya / pod obsch. red. E. P. Ischenko. Moskva : Prospekt, 2019. 136 s.
14. Ivasyuk O. N. Sovremennye problemy preduprezhdeniya prestupleniy v sfere semeyno-bytovyh otnosheniy / Uchenye zapiski Krymskogo federal'nogo universiteta im. V. I. Vernadskogo. Yuridicheskie nauki, 2020. T. 6 (72), № 2. S. 230–235. https://doi.org/0.37279/2413-1733-2020-6-2-230-235
15. Medvedev S. S., Fotiadis R. M. Sem'ya v sisteme meropriyatiy po preduprezhdeniyu prestupleniy // Epomen. 2019. № 26. S. 172–177.
