Pre-revolutionary experience of educational work with girls’ delinquency in Russia

Tatiana Kalashnikova; Maria Kalashnikova

doi:10.35750/2713-0622-2023-3-270-280

VAK Russia 5.8.1 UDC 37.013.46

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PRE-REVOLUTIONARY EXPERIENCE OF EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH GIRLS’ DELINQUENCY IN RUSSIA Pre-revolutionary experience of educational work with girls’ delinquency in Russia

АА Аа

Published in Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior · Volume 3, Issue 3 · Pages 270–280 · Rubric: Anthropology of deviant behavior

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2023-3-270-280

Received: 08.09.2023 Accepted: 10.10.2023 Published: 31.10.2023 Language of publication: RUS

Authors

Tatiana Kalashnikova

ORCID

Maria Kalashnikova

ORCID

Tatiana Kalashnikova

Academic degree: candidate of psychological sciences

Science rang: docent

Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia docent kafedry · kafedra psihologii professional'noy deyatel'nosti · Russian Federation · Ryazan

ORCID

Maria Kalashnikova

Academic degree: candidate of psychological sciences

Science rang: docent

Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia zamestitel' nachal'nika kafedry · kafedra obschey i pedagogicheskoy psihologii · Russian Federation · Ryazan

ORCID

ABSTRACT

Introduction. The category of convicted girls is not numerous. According to specialists and practitioners, it is one of the most difficult groups in terms of educational training. This fact was underlined in the pre-revolutionary period when organizing the first specialized institutions for this category of people. Even despite the insignificant number of educational and correctional institutions, Russia had a fairly rich experience of educational work with delinquent girls, which was based both on advanced theoretical and practical ideas of organizing the re-education of juvenile offenders abroad and national psychological and pedagogical innovations. The purpose of the article is to reveal pre-revolutionary experience (based on of archival materials) of organizing educational work in the first specialized institutions for beggars, vagrants, as well as young female convicts. Methodology, methods and techniques. General scientific research methods aimed at collecting, analyzing, systematizing and generalizing data, in particular, the analysis of literary sources directly related to the subject of the study, the study of archival materials were used. The research methodology is based on the characteristics of deviant and delinquent behavior of minors. Results. The first orphanage was opened in 1873. There were four of them in Russia, and only the Bolshevsky (Yakovlevsky) orphanage was fully specialized. Two foreign types of re-education of juvenile delinquents were effectively combined in the work with female inmates: the family approach to the organization of the life of inmates and the splitting of inmates into classes and grades according to their achievements in education and in terms of their behavior. In Russia, the key goal of educational work in orphanages was spiritual and moral upbringing of children, which was implemented through school education, labour and religion. The effectiveness of educational work was based on classification of female trainees into groups according to different criteria (age, behavioral and character features, progress in studies and work) and motivation to reform the orphanages (monetary rewards, passing from lower to higher groups with better living conditions in the centre, early release from the orphanage). The compulsory vocational training was aimed at helping the girls to find employment after leaving the orphanage. The idea of patronage was developed and implemented, based both on the knowledge of the girls’ individual and psychological characteristics and the degree of rehabilitation by the moment of their leaving the orphanage. Scientific novelty. The findings broaden the understanding of educational work with deviant girls in the pre-revolutionary period of Russia. Practical significance. The results can be used in the course of training of cadets of educational institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

KEYWORDS

female minors, educational and correctional orphanages, patronage, education, spiritual and moral education, family system

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GOST

Kalashnikova T. V., Kalashnikova M. M. Pre-revolutionary experience of educational work with girls’ delinquency in Russia // Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior. 2023. no. 3. pp. 270-280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2023-3-270-280. (Date of access 21.09.2026).

MLA

Tatiana Kalashnikova, Kalashnikova M. M.. "Pre-revolutionary experience of educational work with girls’ delinquency in Russia." Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 3.3 (2023): 270-280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2023-3-270-280.

APA

Kalashnikova T. V., Kalashnikova M. M. (2023). Pre-revolutionary experience of educational work with girls’ delinquency in Russia. Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior, 3(3), 270-280. https://doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2023-3-270-280

Chicago

Tatiana Kalashnikova, Kalashnikova M. M.. "Pre-revolutionary experience of educational work with girls’ delinquency in Russia." Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 3, no. 3 (2023): 270-280. https://doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2023-3-270-280.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = Kalashnikova T. V., Kalashnikova M. M. | title = Pre-revolutionary experience of educational work with girls’ delinquency in Russia | journal = Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior | year = 2023 | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 270-280 | doi = 10.35750/2713-0622-2023-3-270-280 }}

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PRE-REVOLUTIONARY EXPERIENCE OF EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH GIRLS’ DELINQUENCY IN RUSSIA Pre-revolutionary experience of educational work with girls’ delinquency in Russia

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