Codification of computer information crimes and its role in unifying the investigation process

Zarina Kharisova

UDC

343.98

VAK Russia

5.1.4

CODIFICATION OF COMPUTER INFORMATION CRIMES AND ITS ROLE IN UNIFYING THE INVESTIGATION PROCESS Codification of computer information crimes and its role in unifying the investigation process

АА Аа

Published in Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia · Pages 164–172 · Rubric: CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES

Received: 23.07.2025 Accepted: 25.12.2025 Published: 30.12.2025 Language of publication: RUS

Authors

Zarina Kharisova

ORCID Scopus ResearcherID Scholar SPIN

Zarina Kharisova

Russian Federation

ORCID Scopus ResearcherID Scholar SPIN

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Nowadays, crimes in the field of computer information are both pervasive and multifaceted. This is largely due to a broad spectrum of high-tech tools and methods of committing criminal acts used by criminals. Current legal tools, mechanisms and investigation techniques often fall short in adapting to the fast evolution and transformation of the crimes. To develop the most effective investigation techniques, it is essential to devise a method for analysing the circumstances of a criminal act and systematising information about it. Given its connection to digital data, this particular type of crime may potentially lead to the formation of a new unification system of investigation process: assigning unique codes to criminal acts, thereby ensuring the clear identification of both the currently pervasive and the recently emergent means and methods of committing criminal acts, encompassing their entire spectrum. Methods. In summarising and analysing the empirical material within the framework of the study, general scientific methods of cognition (description, generalisation and comparison) were used, as well as a set of general scientific and private scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, modelling, formalisation, description, generalisation, comparison, classification, etc.). The results. A codification system of crimes in the field of computer information is proposed, the use of which can become the basis for the formation of effective investigation techniques of these crimes in the context of the constant evolution of methods of committing criminal acts. This approach will contribute to the development of new and improved technical-criminalistic tools based on artificial intelligence technologies and big data analysis methods, acting as a link between the legal and technical aspects of the investigation.

KEYWORDS

codification of crimes, computer crimes, cybercrime, algorithmisation of investigation, unification of investigation, technical and criminalistic tools

1. Golovin A. Yu. Bazovye kriminalisticheskie klassifikacii prestupleniy // Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki. 2013. № 2-2. S. 31–40.

2. Rossinskaya E. R. Teoriya informacionno-komp'yuternogo obespecheniya sudebno-ekspertnoy deyatel'nosti kak novaya chastnaya teoriya sudebnoy ekspertologii // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O. E. Kutafina. 2022. № 2 (90). S. 27–40. https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.90.2.027-040

3. Rossinskaya E. R. K voprosu ob innovacionnom razvitii kriminalisticheskoy nauki v epohu cifrovizacii // Yuridicheskiy vestnik Samarskogo universiteta. 2019. T. 5, № 4. S. 144–151. https://doi.org/10.18287/2542-047X-2019-5-4-144-151

4. Mandal S. Cybercrime Classification: A Victimology-Based Approach // International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security. 2024. Vol. 19. No 1. P. 156–167. https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.19.1.2199

5. Owen T. Codifying and Applying the Genetic-Social Framework to Cybercrime and Cyber Terrorism // Cybercrime and Cyber Terrorism: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2025. P. 107–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87853-4_6

6. Al-Sada B., Sadighian A., Oligeri G. Mitre Att&ck: State of the art and way forward // ACM Computing Surveys. 2024. Vol. 57. No 1. P. 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1145/3687300

7. Branescu I., Grigorescu O., Dascalu M. Automated mapping of common vulnerabilities and exposures to mitre att&ck tactics // Information. 2024. Vol. 15. No 4. P. 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15040214

8. Rossinskaya E. R., Semikalenova A. I. Informacionno-komp'yuternye kriminalisticheskie modeli komp'yuternyh prestupleniy kak elementy kriminalisticheskih metodik (na primere kibershantazha) // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2021. № 42. S. 68–80. https://doi.org/10.17223/22253513/42/5

9. Eksarhopulo A. A., Makarenko I. A., Zaynullin R. I. Kriminalistika. Teoreticheskiy kurs : monografiya. Ufa : NII PPG, 2022. 649 s.

10. Jaouhari S., Tamani N., Jacob R. Improving ML-based Solutions for Linking of CVE to Mitre Att&ck Techniques / 2024 IEEE 48th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Osaka, Japan. 2024. P. 2442–2447. https: //doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC61105.2024.00392

11. Chamkar S. A., Maleh Y., Gherabi N. Security Operations Centers: Use Case Best Practices, Coverage, and Gap Analysis Based on Mitre Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge // Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy. 2024. Vol. 4. No 4. P. 777–793. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4040036

12. Hargreaves C., Beek H., Casey E. Solve-it: A proposed digital forensic knowledge base inspired by Mitre Att&ck // Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation. 2025. Vol. 52. P. 301864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsidi.2025.301864

13. Verevkin S. A. Fedorchenko E. V. Sravnitel'nyy analiz baz dannyh Mitre Att&ck i Capec // Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Tehnicheskie nauki. 2023. № 4. S. 29–39. https://doi.org/10.24412/2071-6168-2023-4-29-39

14. Akbar K. A. [et al.]. Knowledge mining in cybersecurity: From attack to defense // Sural Sh., Lu H. (eds.) Data and Applications Security and Privacy XXXVI. 36th Annual IFIP WG 11.3 Conference, DBSec 2022, Newark, NJ, USA, July 18 20, 2022. P. 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10684-2_7

15. Seredkin S. P. Modelirovanie ugroz bezopasnosti informacii na osnove banka ugroz FSTEK Rossii// Informacionnye tehnologii i matematicheskoe modelirovanie v upravlenii slozhnymi sistemami : [elektronnyy zhurnal]. 2022. № 1 (13). S. 43–54. URL: http://ismm-irgups.ru/toma/113-2022. https://doi.org/10.26731/2658-3704.2022.1(13).43-54

16. Golovin A. Yu. Kriminalisticheskaya sistematika : monografiya. Moskva : LeksEst, 2002. 305 s.

CODIFICATION OF COMPUTER INFORMATION CRIMES AND ITS ROLE IN UNIFYING THE INVESTIGATION PROCESS Codification of computer information crimes and its role in unifying the investigation process

Confirmation