Limitations on the Right to Peaceful Assembly Within the Human Rights Framework

Erdenebat Hishigbaygal&#039;; Vandan-Ish Amarsanaa

doi:10.35750/2071-8284-2025-2-99-109

UDC

340

VAK Russia

5.1.2

LIMITATIONS ON THE RIGHT TO PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY WITHIN THE HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK Limitations on the Right to Peaceful Assembly Within the Human Rights Framework

АА Аа

Published in Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia · Pages 99–109 · Rubric: PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2025-2-99-109

Received: 02.03.2025 Accepted: 20.06.2025 Published: 26.06.2025 Language of publication: RUS

Authors

Erdenebat Hishigbaygal'

ORCID

Vandan-Ish Amarsanaa

ORCID

Erdenebat Hishigbaygal'

University of Internal Affairs of Mongolia Russian Federation

ORCID

Vandan-Ish Amarsanaa

Academic degree: candidate of jurisprudence sciences

University of Internal Affairs of Mongolia Russian Federation

ORCID

ABSTRACT

Introduction. The The primary objective of this study is to comprehensively examine the legal framework governing the right to peaceful assembly in Mongolia, with particular emphasis on fundamental principles enshrined in international human rights law, the Mongolian Constitution, and practical aspects of limiting this right. Mongolia is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 21 of which recognises the right to peaceful assembly and stipulates that any limitation must be lawful, necessary in a democratic society, and pursue legitimate aims such as national security, public safety, or protection of other persons’ rights. Article 16 of the Mongolian Constitution similarly guarantees this right. However, specific procedures and limitations are determined by national legislation. Despite these legal safeguards, recent legislative initiatives and court cases have revealed persistent concerns regarding the proportionality and fairness of restrictions, particularly during crises (e.g., COVID-19). Methods. The study was conducted through an online survey of 110 respondents, all of whom were professional lawyers or practising barristers/solicitors with field experience. Modern data analysis tools were employed, including SMART PLS-3.0 for structural equation modeling and SPSS-25.0 for statistical analysis, with questionnaire reliability ensured via Cronbach’s alpha. The methodology incorporated metrological, correlational, multifactorial, and path analyses to compare findings with existing scholarly work and rigorously assess the impact of various factors on restrictions to the right of peaceful assembly, as well as their broader implications for human rights. Results. Two independent variables – limitations under international standards and constitutional law – were measured using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their effect on the dependent variable: limitations on freedom of peaceful assembly. The results revealed that neither internationally grounded limitations nor constitutional limitations positively influenced the reduction of limitations on this right in Mongolia. This highlights dichotomy between legal norms and practical application, underlining the need for further reforms to ensure Mongolia’s full compliance with its international obligations and the effective enforcement of constitutional guarantees in practice.

KEYWORDS

human rights, freedom, constitutional law, limitations, peaceful assembl

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GOST

Hishigbaygal' E., Amarsanaa V. Limitations on the Right to Peaceful Assembly Within the Human Rights Framework // . 2025. pp. 99-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2025-2-99-109. (Date of access 19.08.2026).

MLA

Erdenebat Hishigbaygal', Amarsanaa V.. "Limitations on the Right to Peaceful Assembly Within the Human Rights Framework." (2025): 99-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2025-2-99-109.

APA

Hishigbaygal' E., Amarsanaa V. (2025). Limitations on the Right to Peaceful Assembly Within the Human Rights Framework. , 99-109. https://doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2025-2-99-109

Chicago

Erdenebat Hishigbaygal', Amarsanaa V.. "Limitations on the Right to Peaceful Assembly Within the Human Rights Framework." , no. (2025): 99-109. https://doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2025-2-99-109.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = Hishigbaygal' E., Amarsanaa V. | title = Limitations on the Right to Peaceful Assembly Within the Human Rights Framework | journal = | year = 2025 | pages = 99-109 | doi = 10.35750/2071-8284-2025-2-99-109 }}

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LIMITATIONS ON THE RIGHT TO PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY WITHIN THE HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK Limitations on the Right to Peaceful Assembly Within the Human Rights Framework

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