Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior Российский девиантологический журнал 2713-0622 97919 Cовременная девиантология: теории и концепции Theories and concepts of deviant behavior Cовременная девиантология: теории и концепции The experience of guilt by post-penitentiary personality from the perspective of assessing the risk of recidivism Переживание вины постпенитенциарной личностью с позиции оценки риска рецидива преступления https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6919-0306 Зуева Евгения Геннадьевна Zueva Evgeniya Gennad'evna zueva.eg@yandex.ru

кандидат психологических наук;

candidate of psychological sciences;

 Санкт-Петербургский университет МВД России Санкт-Петербург Россия Saint Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia St. Petersburg Russian Federation 28 10 2025 28 10 2025 5 3 372 385 22 04 2025 28 08 2025 https://vestnikspbmvd.ru/en/nauka/article/97919/view

Введение. В статье рассматривается проблема переживания моральных эмоций вины, а также ее составляющих – совести и стыда – с позиции оценки риска рецидива преступления. Именно эмоции вины, совести и стыда могут представлять собой важнейший ресурс процесса ресоциализации в связи с их возможностью оказания влияния на ценностно-смысловой выбор постпенитенциарной личности. Методы. В статье применялись общенаучные методы исследования, направленные на сбор, анализ, систематизацию и обобщение данных, анализ нормативных правовых актов и литературных источников. Результаты. Рассмотрены существующие модели оценки риска рецидивов, позволяющие оценить, насколько вероятен риск совершения повторных правонарушений, и разработать программу ресоциализации постпенитенциарной личности. Отмечается, что в последние десятилетия наибольшую популярность приобрела модель RNR, которая основана на оценке риска и потребностей постпенитенциарной личности, доказала свою эффективность многочисленными исследованиями, проводимыми за рубежом. При этом в последнее время наблюдается тенденция учета сильных сторон (ресурсов личности), обусловленная влиянием разработок позитивной психологии. В связи с чем рассматриваются инструменты оценки риска рецидивов четырех поколений – от клинической оценки до профессионального структурированного суждения с учетом факторов риска, потребностей и сильных сторон. Анализируются особенности переживания вины, совести и стыда в представленных инструментах. Приводятся результаты зарубежного опыта, в которых установлена взаимосвязь вины, совести и стыда с совершаемыми преступлениями. Делается вывод о том, что в системе уголовных наказаний и пробации Российской Федерации возникает необходимость оценки риска рецидивов. При этом учет переживаний вины и ее составляющих – совести и стыда – позволит осуществить глубокую оценку постпенитенциарной личности и более эффективно выстроить программу ресоциализации.

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of experiencing moral emotions of guilt, as well as its components – conscience and shame – from the perspective of assessing the risk of recidivism. The emotions of guilt, conscience and shame can be the most important resource in the process of resocialisation due to their ability to influence the value-semantic choices of post-penitentiary individuals. Methods. The author used general scientific research methods aimed at collecting, analysing, systematising and summarising data, as well as analysing normative legal acts and literary sources. Results. Existing models for assessing the risk of recidivism, which make it possible to evaluate the likelihood of repeat offences, were examined and a programme for the resocialisation of post-penitentiary individuals was developed. It is noted that in recent decades, the RNR model, based on assessing the risk and needs of post-penitentiary individuals, has gained the most popularity and has proven its effectiveness in numerous studies conducted abroad. At the same time, there is a recent trend towards considering strengths (personal resources), influenced by developments in positive psychology. In this regard, four generations of relapse risk assessment tools are considered, ranging from clinical assessment to professional structured judgement, considering risk factors, needs and strengths. The features of experiencing guilt, conscience and shame in the presented instruments are analysed. The results of foreign experience are given, in which the correlation between guilt, conscience and shame and crimes committed is established. It is concluded that there is a need to assess the risk of recidivism in the criminal punishment and probation system of the Russian Federation. At the same time, taking into account feelings of guilt and its components, conscience and shame, will allow for a thorough assessment of the post-penitentiary personality and a more effective resocialisation programme.

 вина совесть стыд постпенитенциарная личность оценка риск рецидив преступление guilt conscience shame post-penitentiary personality assessment risk recidivism crime

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