With the COVID-19 pandemic announced in the world, the task of developing a state policy that can stop the rapid spread of coronavirus infection has actually become the primary task for every state in the world. The problems of interaction between public authorities during a pandemic, the normative regulation of their functioning in emergency conditions in different countries have received different solutions. In the scientific and professional communities of Russia and foreign countries, a consolidated approach to solving the issue of forming a unified legal model of interaction between public authorities and society in the context of the coronavirus epidemic has not taken any shape. The legal regulation of the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in various countries has revealed problem areas in the healthcare management system. Various models of organization of counteracting the spread of infection have formed in the world. The article is devoted to the analysis of the model of state and legal activity of Sweden, which has chosen an independent original path in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic. Attention is paid to the lack of rule-making practice of executive authorities; proving wide powers in fighting the coronavirus epidemic to the Public Health Office under the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, which is involved in organizing work, collecting and processing information about patients, and developing recommendations and measures for the anti-epidemic program. The medical and psychological, economic, financial, cultural, household and other social consequences characterizing the effectiveness of the state’s activity in the conditions of extraordinary events, the necessity of overcoming the negative consequences of lockdowns in the economy and the psychological mood of society and the restoration of a stable social life are characterized.