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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Economic policy and national security</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Economic policy and national security</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Экономическая политика и национальная безопасность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">3033-6554</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">131589</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Экономическая безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ECONOMIC SECURITY</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Экономическая безопасность</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Factors in the formation of corruption links in public procurement: a meta-analytic synthesis of empirical research</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Факторы формирования коррупционных связей в сфере государственных закупок: метааналитический синтез эмпирических исследований</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-6634</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Литвиненко</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Litvinenko</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>lanfk@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор экономических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of economic sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6528-9427</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Соболева</surname>
       <given-names>Владислава Олеговна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Soboleva</surname>
       <given-names>Vladislava Olegovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vladislava_soboleva@vk.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат экономических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of economic sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский университет МВД России</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry Internal Affairs of Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский университет МВД России</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Санкт-Петербургский университет МВД России</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-31T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>31</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-31T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>31</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>51</fpage>
   <lpage>64</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-04T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>04</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikspbmvd.ru/en/nauka/article/131589/view">https://vestnikspbmvd.ru/en/nauka/article/131589/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Введение. Значительный объем бюджетных средств, проходящих через контрактную систему, делает сферу государственных закупок чувствительной к коррупционным рискам. При этом коррупционные связи не всегда проявляются как прямое нарушение закона и могут формироваться через выбор закупочной процедуры, подготовку документации, установление требований к участникам, определение начальной цены и повторяемость взаимодействия заказчика с отдельными поставщиками. В связи с этим особое значение приобретает анализ факторов и механизмов, с помощью которых закупочная процедура может использоваться для ограничения конкуренции и закрепления преимущественного положения заинтересованного участника. Методы. В исследовании применен структурированный метааналитический подход к обобщению эмпирических результатов, представленных в иностранных исследованиях коррупционных рисков и коррупционных связей в сфере государственных закупок. Единицей анализа выступал отдельный эмпирический эффект, включающий фактор, механизм, закупочный результат, метод оценки и количественную метрику. Статистическое объединение коэффициентов не проводилось; использовано содержательное сопоставление эффектов с их последующей кластеризацией. Результаты. Выделены пять групп факторов и механизмов: процедурная дискреция и искаженный отбор поставщика; пороговое манипулирование закупочной процедурой; устойчивость административных связей и структуры закупочного взаимодействия; прозрачность и цифровизация как ограничители коррупционных связей; контроль и аудит как неоднозначный институциональный фактор. Установлено, что расширение дискреции заказчика может быть связано с ростом цены контракта, снижением производительности победителя, повышением вероятности победы связанной фирмы и снижением прозрачности исполнения. Пороговое регулирование способно создавать стимулы к подгонке ожидаемой стоимости закупки под менее прозрачную процедуру. Прозрачность и цифровизация ограничивают коррупционные риски только при условии структурированности информации, ее доступности для поиска и пригодности для внешнего контроля. Выводы. Сформирована многоуровневая модель коррупционных связей в сфере государственных закупок, в которой институциональные условия и процедурные возможности переходят в механизмы ограничения конкуренции, искаженного отбора победителя и закрепления устойчивых закупочных взаимодействий. Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать коррупцию в закупках не только как совокупность отдельных правонарушений, но и как институционально обусловленный процесс, возникающий при использовании формально допустимых элементов контрактной системы для ограничения доступа участников и предоставления преимуществ отдельным поставщикам.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Introduction. The significant volume of budget funds passing through the contractual system renders the sphere of public procurement sensitive to corruption risks. Corruption links do not always manifest as direct violations of the law and may form through the selection of procurement procedures, preparation of documentation, establishment of requirements for participants, determination of the initial price, and the frequency of interaction between the purchaser and individual suppliers. Consequently, analysing the factors and mechanisms by which the procurement procedure can be used to restrict competition and entrench the advantageous position of a particular participant becomes especially important. Methods. A structured meta-analytic approach was employed in the study to summarise empirical findings presented in foreign research on corruption risks and links in the realm of public procurement. The unit of analysis was an individual empirical effect, including the factor, mechanism, procurement outcome, evaluation method, and quantitative metric. Statistical pooling of coefficients was not conducted; instead, substantive comparison of effects with subsequent clustering was used. Results. Five groups of factors and mechanisms were identified: procedural discretion and distorted supplier selection; threshold manipulation of the procurement procedure; persistence of administrative links and the structure of procurement interaction; transparency and digitalisation as limitations on corruption links; control and audit as ambiguous institutional factors. It was established that an expansion of the purchaser's discretion could be associated with an increase in contract price, a decrease in the winner's productivity, a higher likelihood of a related firm winning, and reduced transparency of execution. Threshold regulation can create incentives to adjust the expected cost of procurement to a less transparent procedure. Transparency and digitalisation only limit corruption risks if the information is structured, accessible for searching, and suitable for external control. Conclusions. A multi-level model of corruption links in public procurement has been developed, wherein institutional conditions and procedural opportunities transition into mechanisms that restrict competition, distort winner selection, and entrench stable procurement interactions. The results obtained allow for viewing corruption in procurement not merely as a collection of individual offences but as an institutionally conditioned process arising from the use of formally permissible elements of the contractual system to restrict access for participants and provide advantages to specific suppliers.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>сфера государственных закупок</kwd>
    <kwd>коррупция</kwd>
    <kwd>факторы</kwd>
    <kwd>детерминанты</kwd>
    <kwd>экономическая безопасность</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>public procurement</kwd>
    <kwd>corruption</kwd>
    <kwd>factors</kwd>
    <kwd>determinants</kwd>
    <kwd>economic security</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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