Introduction. The article deals with the analysis of legal and criminological specifics of the classification of crimes against persons involving the use of high technology in healthcare. With the development of telemedicine, genetic research, robotic surgery and other high-tech treatment methods, there is an increased risk of criminal acts affecting the life, health and personal data of patients. The author examines issues of law enforcement in relation to determining the intent, cause and effect, as well as the nature and extent of harm in the context of active implementation and application of innovations. Modern international and national approaches to regulating such matters are analysed with reference to judicial practice in Russia and the United States. Research methods. Formal legal and dogmatic methods were used to assess blanket norms and their connection with sectoral regulation; a comparative legal method was applied to compare the Russian approach with Anglo-American instruments for preventing encroachments on an individual by using innovative medical technologies. A criminological analysis of the risks of digitalisation of medical services was conducted, along with a systemic-structural approach to the distribution of responsibility among guilty parties and a law enforcement analysis of judicial practice. Results. The findings of the study highlight the key challenges in criminal law assessment, including determining the responsibility of various parties (doctors, technical specialists, medical organisations), as well as the need to adapt existing legislation to rapidly evolving social relations. The author provides recommendations for improving legal regulation and developing special rules aimed at preventing crimes and protecting individual rights in the “age of digital medicine”.