The author analyses the current state and practice of realization of constitutional rights to a healthy and safe environment in Mongolia, the necessity of taking measures aimed at solving problems within the framework of the considered right is substantiated. The evolution of norms of constitutional legislation of Mongolia in the sphere of environmental protection is considered, the mechanism of realization of constitutional rights of citizens of Mongolia is discussed. The specificity of criminal legal protection of the environment is characterised taking into account statistical assessment of appeals to the Constitutional Court on violations in the field of environmental legislation. The performed analysis of empirical data allows proposals for regulation of the norms of federal legislation, criminal law norms. Directions for further improvement of environmental legislation are considered through the prism of a comprehensive approach that establishes the conditionality of criminal-legal norms of the constitutional legislation of Mongolia, the accumulated experience of its implementation.