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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета МВД России</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2071-8284</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2949-1150</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">53376</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35750/2071-8284-2022-4-78-89</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>УГОЛОВНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ НАУКИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>УГОЛОВНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ НАУКИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Judicial interpretation of the criminal law: questions of theory</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Судебное толкование уголовного закона: вопросы теории</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-2529</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бабаев</surname>
       <given-names>Михаил Матвеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Babayev</surname>
       <given-names>Mikhail Matveyevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>babaevmm@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор юридических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of jurisprudence sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-9310</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пудовочкин</surname>
       <given-names>Юрий Евгеньевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pudovochkin</surname>
       <given-names>Yuriy Evgen'evich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>11081975@list.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор юридических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of jurisprudence sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт МВД России</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Research Institute of the MIA of Russia</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный юридический университет имени О. Е. Кутафина</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Law University named after O. E. Kutafin</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-16T23:37:38+03:00">
    <day>16</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-16T23:37:38+03:00">
    <day>16</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2022</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>78</fpage>
   <lpage>89</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-11T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>11</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikspbmvd.ru/en/nauka/article/53376/view">https://vestnikspbmvd.ru/en/nauka/article/53376/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Толкование закона в судебной деятельности, а равно поиск специфических особенностей толкования уголовного закона, относятся к разряду тем, актуальность которых в современных условиях многократно возрастает. Противоречие между нарастающими процессами сверхкриминализации и ростом обеспокоенности по поводу соблюдения прав и свобод человека актуализирует статус толкования как одного из важнейших аспектов юридической деятельности, прямо обеспечивающих верховенство права в уголовно-правовых отношениях.&#13;
В любом нормативном тексте всегда сосредоточено множество субъективных смыслов, только один из которых объективно может быть положен в основу судебного решения. На основе обобщения сложившихся подходов к пониманию толкования закона выделяются две его базовые модели – модель презентации парламентского смысла и модель презентации судебного смысла закона. Доказывается, что правоприменение определено именно судебным смыслом закона, установление которого в процессе толкования выступает значимым компонентом судебной правовой политики. Работа по уяснению смысла уголовного закона обладает спецификой, предопределённой публичным характером отрасли уголовного права, который накладывает свой отпечаток на образ действий суда в пределах реализации принципа разделения властей. Однако эта специфика не может состоять, как это принято считать в науке, в ограничении используемых судом методов толкования или установлении жёсткой иерархической последовательности применения методов толкования. &#13;
Специфика толкования уголовного закона должна быть определена не методами толкования, но принципами уголовного права. Их содержание, в свою очередь, должно раскрываться через обращение к целям уголовно-правового регулирования. По итогам исследования установлено, что общий подход к толкованию уголовного закона, которое, будучи в приоритетном порядке буквальным, должно сочетать ограничительное понимание любых правоограничений и широкое понимание любых защит от обвинения в преступлении.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The interpretation of the law in judicial activity, as well as the search for specific features of the interpretation of the criminal law, belong to the category of topics whose relevance in modern conditions is increasing much. The contradiction between the growing criminalization and the increasing concern about the observance of human rights and freedoms actualize the status of interpretation as one of the most important aspects of legal activity, directly ensuring the rule of law in criminal law relations.&#13;
In any law-making text, there are always a lot of subjective meanings, only one of which can objectively be the basis of a judicial decision. Based on the generalization of the existing approaches to understanding the interpretation of the law, two of its basic models are distinguished - the model of the presentation of the parliamentary meaning and the model of the presentation of the judicial meaning of the law. It is proved that law enforcement is determined precisely by the judicial meaning of the law, the establishment of which in the process of interpretation is a significant component of judicial legal policy. Understanding the meaning of the criminal law has a specificity being predetermined by the public nature of the branch of criminal law, this impresses the course of action of the court within the framework of the implementation of the principle of separation of powers. However, this specificity cannot consist of, as it is commonly considered to be in science, in limiting the methods of interpretation used by the court or establishing a rigid hierarchical sequence in the application of methods of interpretation.&#13;
The specificity of the interpretation of the criminal law should be determined not by the methods of interpretation, but by the principles of criminal law. Their content, in turn, should be revealed through an appeal to the goals of criminal law regulation. According to the results of the study, the general approach to the interpretation of the criminal law, which being literal as a matter of priority, should combine a restrictive understanding of any legal restrictions and a broad understanding of any defenses against a charge of a crime.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>уголовный закон</kwd>
    <kwd>толкование уголовного закона</kwd>
    <kwd>методы толкования закона</kwd>
    <kwd>принципы уголовного права</kwd>
    <kwd>цели уголовного права</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>criminal law</kwd>
    <kwd>interpretation of criminal law</kwd>
    <kwd>methods of interpretation of the law</kwd>
    <kwd>principles of criminal law</kwd>
    <kwd>goals of criminal law</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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