Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета МВД России 2071-8284 2949-1150 39644 10.35750/2071-8284-2020-3-15-25 Теория и история права и государства; история учений о праве и государстве Theory and history of law and the state; history of studies of law and state Теория и история права и государства; история учений о праве и государстве Lockdown as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights Локдаун как способ реагирования на пандемию COVID-19: анализ в контексте Европейской конвенции о защите прав человека https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-3296 Варламова Наталья Владимировна Varlamova Natalia Vladimirovna varlam_n@list.ru

кандидат юридических наук;

candidate of jurisprudence sciences;

 Институт государства и права РАН The Institute of State and Law of The Russian Academy of Sciences 2020 3 15 25 https://vestnikspbmvd.ru/en/nauka/article/39644/view

Пандемия COVID-19 требует от органов публичной власти осуществления призванных противодействовать распространению заболевания разнообразных мер, многие из которых сопряжены с ограничениями прав человека. Одним из самых распространённых и вместе с тем наиболее чувствительных способов реагирования на пандемию, использовавшихся практически во всех странах, был так называемый локдаун. Данный термин, не имеющий строгого юридического значения, охватывает систему мер, направленных на сокращение социальных взаимодействий между людьми. Эти меры включают требования соблюдать «социальную дистанцию» и не покидать своё жилое помещение без крайней необходимости, строгую изоляцию для отдельных групп населения, запрет различных массовых мероприятий, закрытие многих учреждений и организаций, ограничение транспортного сообщения между государствами и регионами внутри страны. В статье на основе анализа прецедентной практики Европейского суда по правам человека обсуждаются проблемы совместимости данных ограничений с положениями Конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод. Представляется, что большинство мер, ассоциируемых с локдауном, могут быть оправданы в соответствии с различными статьями Конвенции как предпринятые в целях предотвращения распространения коронавируса и защиты здоровья населения, при условии их законности, обоснованности, исходя из сложившейся эпидемиологической ситуации и соразмерности (не чрезмерности) установленных ограничений. Более того, реализация ряда таких мер может рассматриваться как выполнение государствами – участниками Конвенции своих позитивных обязательств по защите жизни лиц, находящихся под их юрисдикцией.

During the COVID-19 pandemic public authorities have to implement a variety of measures to counter the spread of the disease, many of which involve human rights restrictions. One of the most common and at the same time sensitive way to respond to a pandemic is so-called lockdown. This term does not have a strict legal meaning; it covers a system of measures aimed at reducing social interactions between people. These measures include the requirement to maintain a “social distance” and not to leave home unless necessary, strict isolation for certain population groups, prohibition of various mass events and closure of many organizations, restriction of transport links between states and regions within the country. Based on the analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the author discusses the problems of compatibility of these restrictions with the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Most of these measures can be justified in accordance with the Convention if they are taken in order to prevent the spread of coronavirus and protect public health, if they are lawful and reasonable in the context of epidemiological situation and proportionality (not excessiveness). Moreover, the implementation these measures can be considered as the fulfilment of the positive obligations by the countries-members of the Convention to protect the lives of persons under their jurisdiction.

 права человека пандемия COVID-19 локдаун ограничение свободы позитивные обязательства Конвенция о защите прав человека и основных свобод Европейский суд по правам человека human rights COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restriction of freedom positive obligations Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms European Court of Human Rights

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